Bioinformatics resources:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ - Big directory of tools and resources - Primarily used for its BLAST alignment tool
- https://www.ensembl.org/ - Genome data and annotation
- https://www.embl.org/ - European Molecular Biology Laboratory
- https://www.ebi.ac.uk/uniprot/index - European Bioinformatics Institute protein database
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_biology_modeling_software
Flow of information:
DNA (Nucleotides) > mRNA (Messenger RNA) > Peptide (Amino acids) > Primary protein structure (Alpha helices) > Secondary protein structure (Beta-pleated sheets) > Tertiary protein structure (3D structure) > Quarternary protein assembly
Gene expression:
Genes can be broken down into introns (non-coding) and exons (coding)
Main components of an operon (A functional sequence of genes):
- Promoter genes - A place where RNA polymerase can attach. Can be further broken down into upstream and downstream regions and binding site.
- Operator genes
- Structural genes
- Regulator genes
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have genetically different structures
Software used in bioinformatics:
- RealVNC for remote access
- WinSCP for file transfer
- COPASI for mathematically modelling biological systems